How semaglutide works?

    Semaglutide is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. It belongs to a class of drugs called glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). Semaglutide works by mimicking the action of a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the body. Here's how it works:

    GLP-1 Release: In response to food intake, the small intestine releases GLP-1. GLP-1 is an incretin hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. It stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas and reduces the production of glucagon, another hormone that raises blood sugar levels. GLP-1 also slows down the emptying of the stomach, which helps control appetite and reduces food intake.

    GLP-1 Receptor Activation: Semaglutide is designed to bind to and activate GLP-1 receptors found on the surface of pancreatic beta cells and other cells in the body.

    Increased Insulin Release: When semaglutide activates GLP-1 receptors on pancreatic beta cells, it stimulates the release of insulin. Insulin helps transport glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream into cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use. This action helps lower blood sugar levels after a meal.

     Reduced Glucagon Production: Semaglutide also reduces the production of glucagon, which is a hormone that raises blood sugar levels by promoting the release of glucose from the liver. Lower glucagon levels help prevent excessive glucose production in the liver.

    Slower Gastric Emptying: By activating GLP-1 receptors in the stomach, semaglutide slows down the emptying of the stomach contents into the small intestine. This delay in gastric emptying can help control appetite and reduce food intake, leading to weight loss in some individuals.

    Overall, semaglutide helps people with type 2 diabetes by improving blood sugar control, reducing insulin resistance, and promoting weight loss. It is usually administered as a subcutaneous injection once a week. In addition to its use in diabetes management, a higher-dose formulation of semaglutide has been approved for the treatment of obesity to aid in weight loss.

    It's important to note that semaglutide should be used under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider, as it may have side effects and is not suitable for everyone. It is typically prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes dietary and lifestyle modifications for diabetes management or weight loss.